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Jul, the Swedish Christmas holiday, is celebrated throughout December and traditionally until St. Knut's Day on January 13. The main celebration and the exchange of gifts takes place on Christmas Eve, December 24. The Lucia Day is celebrated during Advent, on December 13.〔(Sweden.se: ''Lucia and Christmas'' )〕 Christmas in Sweden is a blend of domestic and foreign customs that have been re-interpreted, refined and commercialised on their way from agrarian society to the modern age. Today, most Swedes celebrate Christmas in roughly the same way, and many of the local customs and specialities have disappeared, although each family claims to celebrate it in true fashion in their own particular way.〔(Sweden.se: ''Christmas'' )〕 == History == The origin of the Germanic word "Jul" is somewhat unclear. Around the year 600, it is mentioned in the Gothic calendar together with Christian religious texts. Around the year 900, the word "Jul" can be found in a tribute to king Harald Fairhair, in which someone is said to "Dricka Jul" (Drink Jul).〔(''Firajul.nu: Ordet "Jul"'' )〕 The pretext for the ''Jul'' celebration was to mark the winter solstice when the days start to get longer and the nights shorter. In Nordic prehistoric times there was a "midvinterblot" rite (mid-winter blót), which was a sacrificial rite held in mid-winter, which may either mean the same time as ''Jul'' (in later sources called ''julablot''), or in mid-January which was in the middle of the winter period. The Æsir sacrificed cattle and perhaps humans to win the gods' blessing on the germinating crop. The ''ás'' (singular of Æsir) who was especially hailed at this time was Odin, who commonly went by the name of "Jólner". The ''Jul'' was Christianized, while the ''blót'' rites were forbidden and abandoned when Sweden became a Christian country. The celebration of Christmas at the end of December is a very old tradition with many origins. Among these is the Old Norse Christmas celebration - which was prevailing in Scandinavia in the 11th century - and was celebrated in connection with the mid-winter offering celebration. Moreover, we have the Christian celebration in memory of the birth of Jesus Christ. The earliest records of these celebrations are from year 333. Eight hundred years later this is merged with the Old Norse Christmas celebration. In the Old Norse sources the pagan celebration of Jul in the Nordic countries is often described as "to drink jul/yule". The central aspect of the pagan Germanic celebration of midwinter was to eat and drink well. To bake and to produce ale and mead were important preparations for the celebration. In medieval wooden calendars and pre-Christian picture stones, this celebration is still symbolised by a barrel of ale, or a drinking horn. So the emphasis on food and drink traditions was originally a pagan trait of the Christmas celebration.〔(''Bandoli.no: Where is the Christ in Christmas?'' )〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Jul (Sweden)」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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